Working principle and maintenance of centrifugal pump
Centrifugal pumps are the most preferred hydraulic pumps used in domestic and industrial world. In this article we will have a conceptual overview of the working and maintenance of centrifugal pumps.
A centrifugal pump converts rotating mechanical energy to energy within the liquid being pumped. The impeller imparts velocity to the liquid.
The liquid enters through a suction connection concentric with the axis of the impeller which rotates at high speed. Impeller has vanes in radial direction. Liquid flows outward through the vanes and exits the impeller at considerably greater velocities. The exiting liquid is collected in a spiral casing called the volute which converts the velocity head to the pressure head. The Head developed is approximately equal to the velocity energy at the periphery of the impeller.
Since centrifugal pump is a mechanical device which contains the moving parts, so we have to carry out the maintenance time to time, so that pumps perform well. Following are the maintenance which is carried out in the centrifugal pump.
1. Wear ring which is fitted in the centrifugal pump is used to provide the close clearance between the impeller and casing. But as time pass this ring starts getting wear and tear. So we have to use the new ring and replace it. This is the major maintenance which is carried out on the pump.
2. Gland packing is used in the pump to provide a seal on the shaft where shaft drive the impeller produce out. So there is a mechanical seal there. This is also gets to wear down time to time. So we have to take care of this gland packing.
3. Impeller which is the heart of this pump has to removed sometimes and chances completely. The reason for this is that the serious effect of the pitting on the impeller due to water or fluids led to damage to metal surface. So pitting or cavitations is a very bad phenomenon in this pump.
A centrifugal pump converts rotating mechanical energy to energy within the liquid being pumped. The impeller imparts velocity to the liquid.
The liquid enters through a suction connection concentric with the axis of the impeller which rotates at high speed. Impeller has vanes in radial direction. Liquid flows outward through the vanes and exits the impeller at considerably greater velocities. The exiting liquid is collected in a spiral casing called the volute which converts the velocity head to the pressure head. The Head developed is approximately equal to the velocity energy at the periphery of the impeller.
Since centrifugal pump is a mechanical device which contains the moving parts, so we have to carry out the maintenance time to time, so that pumps perform well. Following are the maintenance which is carried out in the centrifugal pump.
1. Wear ring which is fitted in the centrifugal pump is used to provide the close clearance between the impeller and casing. But as time pass this ring starts getting wear and tear. So we have to use the new ring and replace it. This is the major maintenance which is carried out on the pump.
2. Gland packing is used in the pump to provide a seal on the shaft where shaft drive the impeller produce out. So there is a mechanical seal there. This is also gets to wear down time to time. So we have to take care of this gland packing.
3. Impeller which is the heart of this pump has to removed sometimes and chances completely. The reason for this is that the serious effect of the pitting on the impeller due to water or fluids led to damage to metal surface. So pitting or cavitations is a very bad phenomenon in this pump.
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